Opinion
The Jewish Question at the Heart of Ottoman Liberalism
The rise and disappearance of Ottoman liberalism are tied to the existence of an Ottoman Jewish question that has often been pushed aside.
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The rise and disappearance of Ottoman liberalism are tied to the existence of an Ottoman Jewish question that has often been pushed aside.
A war meant to force Iran’s collapse has instead exposed the enduring power of ideology, identity, and belief, and the persistent failure of liberal assumptions that reduce politics to economics and elections alone.